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Lady Bug Note Generators

SEKOLAH KLUSTER

LATARBELAKANG

Penubuhan Sekolah Kluster terkandung dalam Bab 9 Pelan Induk Pembangunan Pendidikan (PIPP) yang telah dilancarkan pada 16 Januari 2006.

Pewujudan Sekolah Kluster adalah berdasarkan pendekatan kedua PIPP iaitu untuk mengembangkan sepenuhnya potensi sekolah dalam kluster kecemerlangan yang mekanismenya dinyatakan dalam Teras Strategik Ke-6, Melonjakkan Kecemerlangan Institusi Pendidikan.

Tinjauan literatur menunjukkan bahawa amalan mengelompokkan sekolah dilaksanakan di luar negara untuk peningkatan kualiti pendidikan. Pengelompokan yang dilaksanakan di luar negara adalah berasaskan lokaliti ataupun kecemerlangan.


DEFINISI

Sekolah kluster ialah satu jenama yang diberi kepada sekolah yang dikenal pasti cemerlang dalam klusternya daripada aspek pengurusan sekolah dan kemenjadian murid.

Pewujudan sekolah kluster bertujuan melonjakkan kecemerlangan sekolah dalam sistem pendidikan Malaysia dan membangun sekolah yang boleh dicontohi oleh sekolah dalam kluster yang sama dan sekolah lain di luar klusternya.


TUJUAN

Sekolah Kluster diwujudkan bagi melonjakkan kecemerlangan sekolah dalam sistem pendidikan Malaysia.


PELAKSANAAN
Terdapat tiga jawatankuasa yang ditubuhkan bagi melaksanakan konsep sekolah kluster.

Jawatankuasa tersebut ialah;
1) Jawatankuasa Pemilihan Sekolah - dipengerusikan oleh Ketua Pengarah Pelajaran Malaysia

2) Panel Penasihat - dipengerusikan oleh YBhg. Tan Sri Datuk Seri Panglima Dr. Abdul Rahman Arshad

3)Jawatankuasa Pelaksana – dipengerusikan oleh Timbalan Ketua Pengarah Pelajaran Malaysia (Jabatan Sekolah)

4) Pelaksanaan sekolah kluster adalah berasaskan kepada proses desentralisasi yang melibatkan pengupayaan sekolah menerusi pemberian autonomi terpimpin. Pandangan stakeholder seperti PIBG, Alumni, pemimpin sekolah dan guru turut diambil kira dalam pelaksanaan sekolah kluster.

Mereka telah terlibat secara langsung dalam Bengkel Autonomi Sekolah Kluster Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia yang telah diadakan pada 19-20 Mac 2007.

Panel Penasihat Sekolah Kluster pula akan membantu menyumbangkan kepakaran mereka bagi memastikan pelaksanaan sekolah kluster dapat berjalan dengan jayanya.


KRITERIA PEMILIHAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER

Pemilihan sekolah kluster akan dibuat berdasarkan kepada kluster berikut:

1) Sekolah Rendah yang terdiri daripada Sekolah Kebangsaan (SK), Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC), Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil (SJKT) dan Sekolah Orang Asli.

2) Sekolah Menengah yang terdiri daripada Sekolah Berasrama Penuh (SBP), Sekolah Menengah Teknik (SMT), Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Agama (SMKA), Sekolah Menengah Harian, Sekolah Premier, Sekolah Seratus Tahun, sekolah dalam persekitaran Putrajaya dan Cyberjaya, dan Sekolah Model Khas.

3) Sekolah Rendah Pendidikan Khas (SPK) dan Sekolah Menengah Pendidikan Khas (SMPK), dan Sekolah Menengah Pendidikan Khas Vokasional (SMPKV).

4) Sekolah Antarabangsa dan Sekolah Swasta

5) Institusi lepas menengah seperti Kolej Matrikulasi dan Institut Pendidikan Guru (IPG) (PIPP, 2006, ms. 119 dan 121)

Pemilihan sekolah tersebut perlu memenuhi prasyarat dan syarat berikut:


Prasyarat Pertama
Pengukuran Standard Sekolah:
Sekolah mestilah mencapai sekurang-kurangnya Taraf Cemerlang berdasarkan Standard Kualiti Pendidikan Malaysia (SKPM)


Prasyarat Kedua
Kecemerlangan Kurikulum (Sekolah Menengah)
Gred Purata Sekolah (GPS) untuk peperiksaan awam PMR dan SPM 3 tahun berturut-turut:
* SBP : GPS 2.5 dan ke bawah
* SMKA : GPS 3.0 dan ke bawah
* SMT : GPS 4.0 dan ke bawah
* SM Harian : GPS 4.0 dan ke bawah

Kecemerlangan Kurikulum (Sekolah Rendah):
*Sekolah Rendah Harian : 80% dan ke atas murid lulus semua mata pelajaran dalam UPSR, atau
*Peratus kelulusan menunjukkan peningkatan; atau
GPS UPSR : 2 dan ke bawah

c. Syarat Pemilihan

Kecemerlangan murid dalam aspek:
>Akademik
>Kokurikulum
>Sahsiah
>Pengurusan sekolah berwawasan dan berkesan.
>Pembangunan sumber terurus dan digunakan secara optimum.
>Pemimpin sekolah mengamalkan kepimpinan berkualiti.
>Pengurusan pengajaran dan pembelajaran yang berkesan.
>Iklim sekolah kondusif untuk pembangunan modal insan.
>Keberkesanan pelaksanaan program KPM
>Sekolah berwatak
>Sekolah yang memenuhi prasyarat dan syarat yang ditetapkan di atas boleh mengemukakan permohonan dan prosedur pemilihan adalah seperti berikut:

Langkah 1: Penerimaan pencalonan

Langkah 2: Penilaian menggunakan instrumen SKPM dan Annex.

Langkah 3: Penentuan standard (standard fixing) oleh JK Pelaksana Sekolah Kluster

Langkah 4: Kesahan calon dalam Mesyuarat Hal-hal Profesional

Langkah 5: Calon dimaklumkan kepada Lembaga Penasihat

Langkah 6: Pengumuman oleh YB Menteri Pelajaran

PENGURUSAN SEKOLAH KLUSTER

a) Pemimpin sekolah kluster ialah:
>Pengetua/Guru Besar (DG52/DGA 36)
>Pemimpin yang terpilih memenuhi syarat pemimpin cemerlang
>Jawatan: school-based post
>Guru-guru sekolah kluster pula:

b) Memenuhi kriteria Guru Cemerlang
>Prestasi mereka akan menentukan sama ada mereka kekal mengajar di Sekolah Kluster.
>Boleh mendapatkan perkhidmatan pakar mengikut niche areas sekolah dalam bidang kokurikulum secara kontrak atau sambilan
>Nisbah kelas: guru ialah 1:2

c) Kaedah pemilihan pelajar sekolah kluster:
>Kluster SBP, SMT dan SMKA kekal seperti amalan sedia ada
>Kluster lain, pengetua/guru besar diberi kuasa mengambil sejumlah kecil murid baru untuk bidang kebitaraan sekolah
>Ujian saringan sekolah

d) Akauntabiliti Pemimpin Sekolah:

Berpandukan:

>Key Performance Indicator (KPI)
* pengurusan sumber manusia dan fizikal
* sumber kewangan
* pembangunan profesionalisme staf
* program kurikulum dan kokurikulum berkesan
* lulusan sekolah berkualiti: pencapaian akademik, kokurikulum dan sahsiah.

> TOR Sekolah Kluster

e) Autonomi Sekolah:

Jenis Autonomi yang diberikan kepada sekolah berbentuk:

>(i) Umum (untuk semua sekolah)

>(ii) Khusus (mengikut keperluan sekolah berlandaskan kepada jenis sekolah, pengajiannya dan niche areas).

Autonomi yang diberikan juga merupakan autonomi terpimpin yang memerlukan kepada:

Pematuhan piawai yang berikut:

* Akta Pendidikan 1996
* Sistem Pendidikan Kebangsaan
* Akta Tatacara Kewangan 1957, Pekeliling Perbendaharaan dan Garis Panduan dan Surat-surat Siaran
* SKPM

Senarai Bidang Autonomi:

* Pengurusan Sekolah
* Pengurusan Sumber Manusia
* Pengurusan Sumber Kewangan dan Sumber Fizikal
* Pengurusan dan Pelaksanaan Kurikulum
* Pengurusan dan Pelaksanaan Kokurikulum

Jaminan kualiti:

Bagi memastikan sekolah kluster sentiasa mempertingkatkan standard kualiti, jaminan kualiti di sekolah kluster akan menggunakan mekanisme kawalan luaran dan kawalan dalaman.

Peranan Agensi Lain

Sekolah Kluster akan memperluas peranan yang boleh dimainkan oleh PIBG, Lembaga Pengelola, Alumni dan NGO dalam aspek:

* Biasiswa
* Kewangan/Dana
* Program Kecemerlangan Akademik
* Program Kecemerlangan Kokurikulum
* Program Kerjaya

IMPAK SEKOLAH KLUSTER

Sekolah kluster akan memberi impak yang positif kepada pendidikan negara dari segi:

Program Kecemerlangan Kokurikulum

a) Program Kerjaya

b)Pelajar sekolah cemerlang secara keseluruhan (holistic) dalam sistem: 5.8% daripada 5.2 juta pelajar

c) Lepasan sekolah kluster diterima masuk universiti ternama luar negara

d) Badan korporat dan agensi kerajaan berkeyakinan menaja pengajian lepasan sekolah kluster

e) Menyediakan asas kukuh melahirkan peneraju utama agen perubahan
Sebanyak 300 buah sekolah diiktiraf antarabangsa (3.1% daripada 9663 sekolah)

f) Model piawaian kepada sekolah dalam dan luar negara

g) Pemimpin berkualiti (3.1% daripada 9663 sekolah) dan guru yang cemerlang
(6.9% daripada 350,000 guru)

h) Melonjakkan kecemerlangan institusi pendidikan di Malaysia

Sumber ini dipetik dari http://www.moe.gov.my/webdwibahasa/kluster/

SENARAI NAMA PENJARING GOL PERTANDINGAN BOLA SEPAK MSSD JB 2009

SENARAI NAMA PENJARING GOL (NO.JERSI)

SMT PERDAGANGAN
14 MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN AHMAD
18 AHMAD SYAFIQ BIN KAHAR

SMK PELANGI
9 SHAIFUL RIDZLAN BIN SAMSURI

SMT JOHOR BAHRU
5 MOHAMMAD SYAHMI
9 MOHAMMAD NAZIRUL
17 MOHAMMAD QAMARUL

SMK ST JOSEPH
14 EZZAD MOHAMMAD BIN ROSLI

SMK MOHD KHALID
10 AMAR ADRI B HJ YUSOF

SMK IMPIAN EMAS
14 MOHD ASHRAAF BIN MAD GANI
17 MOHD SYAFIQ BIN KAMARULZAMAN
15 SIVANESWARAN AL MUNIANDY

MSAB
4 MOHAMMAD SIDDIQ

SM FOON YEW
17 LIU POH SIONG
8 LER WEE LIANG

SMK SRI TEBRAU
16 TAN EKAY

SM ISLAM HIDAYAH
16 WAZIEN BIN HISHAMUDDIN
8 ABDULLAH ABAS B MOHD JELANI
5 AMMAR BIN AMINUDDIN
3 IYLIA SYAHIN BIN DAUD

SMK SERI PERLING
16 SHAMILAN AL RAVI
7 HANIS HAZIQ AEDIMULI
13 MOHAMMAD AZARUL IZHAR
11 MOHAMMAD AMIRUL AZWAN B ABD HAMID

SMK SUTERA
11 MD SYAH IDRIS YUSOF

SMK NUSAJAYA
12 MUHAMMAD ZULHAKIM BIN SAIMAN

SMK USMAN AWANG
9 MUHAMMAD IZZANUDDIN

SMK BANDAR BARU UDA
8 MOHD HAKEM BIN KASBOLL
10 MOHD AZRIN BIN KATEMEN
6 MOHD HAZWAN BIN MD JHOMI
17 PUTRA KHAIRUL BIN AZMAN

SMK DESA SKUDAI
11 MOHD AS-SYAHID BIN ZAMRI
7 MOUHD ASHRUL BIN MUSLI

SMK TASEK UTARA 2
17 HAZIQ HAZIMI BIN MD NOOR

SMK MUTIARA RINI
18 VEEKNESWARAN AL NARAYANAN
12 MOHD FARIDZUAN BIN MOHD RASEH
8 MOHD ZAIRIE BIN JENAL
9 NOOR SAIFUL BIN MUHAMED SAZLI
16 MOHD AZHA BIN OTHMAN


SMK TUN AMINAH
13 MOHD HAFIZ BIN SHAHMAN

Kebitaraan Sains Pertanian : Plant A Tree Programme

Kerja-kerja Membesarkan Kawasan Kantin SMKTDS- 25 April 2009

Petikan Dari Utusan Malaysia : Nur Madihah pilih Jordan lanjut pelajaran

Saturday, April 25, 2009

Petikan Dari Utusan Malaysia : Nur Madihah pilih Jordan lanjut pelajaran

PETALING JAYA 17 April - Pelajar cemerlang Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) 2008, Nik Nur Madihah Nik Mohd. Kamal, 18, mungkin melanjutkan pengajian dalam bidang fizik di Jordan.

Menurutnya, meskipun dalam dilema membuat keputusan, namun beliau tetap melanjutkan pelajaran di Asia Barat sebagaimana yang dirancang.

"Hati saya kuat mengatakan bahawa Jordan adalah tempat terbaik untuk saya melanjutkan pelajaran.

"Cuma, universiti mana yang menjadi pilihan itu saya tidak pasti sebab ia masih dalam penelitian, mungkin juga boleh sambung di Jordan,'' katanya.

Beliau berkata demikian kepada pemberita selepas majlis pelancaran buku Catatan Nik Nur Madihah - Kesusahan Bukan Penghalang Kejayaan di Hotel Royale Bintang di sini semalam.

Turut hadir Pengarah Eksekutif Hijjaz Record Publishing, Mohd. Faizal Osman dan Pengarah Urusan Hijjaz Publishing, Ismen Nadim Isam.

Majlis tersebut dirasmikan oleh bapa Nik Nur Madihah, Nik Mohd. Kamal Hussein, 41, selain turut dihadiri ibunya, Mariani Omar, 42.

Menurut Nik Nur Madihah, beliau mungkin melanjutkan pelajaran pada September ini.

Sementara itu, ketika ditanya pemberita, Nik Mohd. Kamal memberitahu beliau dan keluarganya akan menduduki rumah baru di Taman Perumahan Kurnia Jaya, Pengkalan Chepa dalam tempoh dua bulan lagi.

Katanya, rumah teres satu tingkat pemberian kerajaan negeri itu dianggarkan bernilai RM100,000 itu dan mempunyai tiga bilik. Ia kini telah siap hampir 70 peratus.

"Terima kasih kepada kerajaan negeri di atas pemberian itu, insya-Allah kalau tiada aral, kami sekeluarga akan mendiami rumah baru dalam bulan Jun ini,'' katanya.

Buku Catatan Nik Nur Madihah - Kesusahan Bukan Penghalang Kejayaan merupakan buku kelapan terbitan Hijjaz Record Publishing dan ia dijual pada harga RM25.90 senaskhah.

Bagaimanapun, diskaun sebanyak 10 peratus akan diberikan kepada pengunjung sempena Pesta Buku 2009 yang akan diadakan di Dewan Tun Hussein Onn, Pusat Dagangan Dunia Putra (PWTC) di sini bermula hari ini.

Subhanallah..Indahnya Ciptaan Allah

Pemandangan Sekitar SMKTDS

DOA UNTUK MENOLAK GANGGUAN SYAITAN

Maksudnya:

"Aku berlindung dengan kalimat Allah yang sempurna, yang tidak boleh ditembusi oleh orang yang baik dan yang jahat, dari kejahatan semua makhluk, dari kejahatan semua yang turun dari langit dan yang naik kepadanya, dari kejahatan semua yang tumbuh di dalam bumi dan yang keluar daripadanya, dari kejahatan fitnah yang berlaku di waktu malam dan siang dan dari kejahatan yang datang (pada waktu malam) kecuali dengan tujuan baik, wahai Tuhan yang Maha Pengasih."

Sumber : http://skptelipok.blogspot.com/

Laman Web dan Blog Yang Perlu Dilawati..

Berikut adalah laman web dan blog yang perlu dilawati oleh warga pendidik dan juga para pelajar.

Semoga perkongsian ilmu sesama kita dapat dimanfaat ke jalan kebaikan.

Klik pada alamat blog & "banner" berikut :

http://cikgumalaysia.blogspot.com/

http://gurumalaysia.blogspot.com/

LDP 3: Pengurusan Fail - 25 April 2009

Pengurusan Fail

Penceramah : Puan Hajjah Tengku Zarena Binti Tengku Azam
(Ketua Bidang Teknik & Vokasional, SMKTDS)

LDP 3: Kursus Perkongsian Ilmu - 25 April 2009

Lady Bug Note Generators

Latihan Dalam Perkhidmatan 3

Tarikh : 25 April 2009 (Sabtu)
Masa : 8.00 pagi hingga 1.00 petang
Tempat : Bilik Bahasa, SMKTDS
Penceramah : Tuan Haji Shaharuddin Bin Saari (Pengetua SMKTDS)

Pertandingan Bola Sepak MSSD Johor Bahru -25 April 2009

PERTANDINGAN BOLASEPAK MSSD JOHOR BAHRU 2009

Berikut adalah keputusan rasmi pasukan-pasukan yang akan bertanding di dalam PUSINGAN KEDUA yang akan dijalankan di Kolej 16 dan Kolej 17 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

PERLAWANAN 1

JOHAN A : SMK TAMAN UNIVERSITI 1
NAIB JOHAN F : SMK IMPIAN EMAS

PERLAWANAN 2

JOHAN B : SMT JOHOR BAHRU
NAIB JOHAN G : SMK TAMAN SUTERA

PERLAWANAN 3

JOHAN C : SMT TANJUNG PUTERI
NAIB JOHAN H : SMK TUN SYED NASIR

PERLAWANAN 4

JOHAN D : SMK SKUDAI
NAIB JOHAN I : SMK DESA SKUDAI

PERLAWANAN 5

JOHAN E : SM FOON YEW
NAIB JOHAN J : SMK TASEK UTARA 2

PERLAWANAN 6

JOHAN F : SM ISLAM HIDAYAH
NAIB JOHAN TERBAIK A/B/C/D/E : SMK GELANG PATAH

PERLAWANAN 7

JOHAN G : SMK SERI PERLING
NAIB JOHAN I : SMK MUTIARA RINI

PERLAWANAN 8

JOHAN H : SMK NUSAJAYA
NAIB JOHAN J : SMK BANDAR BARU UDA


"BERKHIDMAT UNTUK NEGARA"

(AZLAN HANIFF ZAKARIA)
Setiausaha Sukan
SMK Tmn Desa Skudai

Blog Karya Pelajar

Pengumuman buat semua pelajar SMKTDS,

Anda berpeluang untuk menghantarkan karya anda kepada karyapelajar@gmail.com

atau

Fatin Zakiyah & Iman Sofea -2RK1-

John Ryan-2RK3-

Aliaa Nabila -1RK1-

Farah Nazira & Rifhan Natrisya- 1KP1-

Asma Syahirah -4A-

Kami menerima : lukisan, komik, puisi, cerpen dan lain lain.
Bagi yang membuat fotografi, kami juga menerima foto yang diambil oleh anda!

Bagi ahli muzik pula,kami menerima video rakaman lagu anda tetapi anda haruslah menaikturunnya (upload) di youtube dan berikan kami "link" kepada video anda.

Pengarah filem persendirian boleh menghantarkan filem pendek anda juga dalam cara yang sama bagi ahli muzik.

Pereka grafik boleh menghantar grafik yang telah direka.

Apa apa sahaja jenis seni! Hantarkannya! Pastikan karya anda tidak mengandungi unsur lucah atau perkara yang menyentuh isu sensitif.

Untuk makluman lanjut, sila klik pada "banner" Blog Karya Pelajar berikut:

A story of our body anatomy!

Interesting article and it is worth reading!

time: When your body really starts going downhill


There's no denying the ticking of a woman's biological clock - but men are not immune, either. French doctors have found that the quality of sperm starts to deteriorate by 35, so that by the time a man is 45 a third of pregnancies end in miscarriage. Here, with the help of leading clinicians, Angela Epstein identifies the ages when different parts of the body start to lose their battle with time.

• BRAIN Starts ageing at 20

As we get older, the number of nerve cells - or neurons - in the brain decrease. We start with around 100 billion, but in our 20s this number starts to decline.

By 40, we could be losing up to 10,000 per day, affecting memory, co-ordination and brain function.

In fact, while the neurons are important, it's actually the deterioration of the gaps between the brain cells that has the biggest impact, says Dr Wojtek Rakowicz, a consultant neurologist at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust in London.

We all assume grey hair and wrinkles are the first signs of ageing, but some parts of your body are worn out long before you look old.

These tiny gaps between the end of one brain nerve cell and another are called synapses. Their job is to ensure the flow of information from one cell to another, and as we age we make fewer.

• GUT Starts ageing at 55

A healthy gut has a good balance between harmful and 'friendly' bacteria.

But levels of friendly bacteria in the gut drop significantly after 55, particularly in the large intestine, says Tom MacDonald, professor of immunology at Barts And The London medical school. As a result, we suffer from poor digestion and an increased risk of gut disease.

Constipation is more likely as we age, as the flow of digestive juices from the stomach, liver, pancreas and small intestine slows down.

• BREASTS start ageing at 35

BY their mid-30s, women's breasts start losing tissue and fat, reducing size and fullness.

Sagging starts properly at 40 and the areola (the area surrounding the nipple) can shrink considerably.

Although breast cancer risk increases with age, it's not related to physical changes in the breast.

More likely, says Gareth Evans, breast cancer specialist at St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, our cells become damaged with age - as a result, the genes which control cell growth can mutate, causing cancer.

• BLADDER Starts ageing at 65

Loss of bladder control is more likely when you hit 65. The bladder starts to contract suddenly, even when it's not full.

Women are more vulnerable to bladder problems as, after the menopause, declining oestrogen levels make tissues in the urethra - the tube through which urine passes - thinner and weaker, reducing bladder support.

Bladder capacity in an older adult generally is about half that of a younger person - about two cups in a 30-year-old and one cup in a 70-year-old.

This causes more frequent trips to the loo, particularly as poor muscle tone means the bladder may not fully empty. This in turn can lead to urinary tract infections.

• LUNGS Start ageing at 20

Lung capacity slowly starts to decrease from the age of 20.

By the age of 40, some people are already experiencing breathlessness. This is partly because the muscles and the rib cage which control breathing stiffen up.

It's then harder to work the lungs and also means some air remains in the lungs after breathing out - causing breathlessness.

Aged 30, the average man can inhale two pints of air in one breath. By 70, it's down to one.

• VOICE Starts ageing at 65

Our voices become quieter and hoarser with age. The soft tissues in the voice box (larynx) weaken, affecting the pitch, loudness and quality of the voice.

A woman's voice may become huskier and lower in pitch, whereas a man's might become thinner and higher.

• EYES start ageing at 40

Glasses are the norm for many over - 40s as failing eyesight kicks in - usually long-sightedness, affecting our ability to see objects up close.

As we age, the eye's ability to focus deteriorates because the eyes' muscles become weaker, says Andrew Lotery, professor of ophthalmology at the University of Southampton.

• HEART Starts ageing at 40

The heart pumps blood less effectively around the body as we get older.

This is because blood vessels become less elastic, while arteries can harden or become blocked because of fatty deposits forming on the coronary arteries - caused by eating too much saturated fat.

The blood supply to the heart is then reduced, resulting in painful angina. Men over 45 and women over 55 are at greater risk of a heart attack.

A recent study by Lloyds Pharmacy found the average person in the UK has a 'heart age' five years older than their chronological age, probably due to obesity and lack of exercise.
• LIVER Starts ageing at 70
This is the only organ in the body which seems to defy the aging process.

'Its cells have an extraordinary capacity to regenerate,' explain David Lloyd, a consultant liver surgeon at Leicester Royal Infir mary.

He says he can remove half a liver during surgery and it will grow to the size of a complete liver within three months.

If a donor doesn't drink, use drug or suffer from infection, then it is possible to transplant a 70-year-old liver into a 20-year-old.

• KIDNEYS Starts ageing at 50

With kidneys, the number of filtering units (nephrons) that remove waste from the bloodstream starts to reduce in middle age.

One effect of this is their inability to turn off urine production at night, causing frequent trips to the bathroom.

The kidneys of a 75-year-old person will filter only half the amount of blood that a 30-year-old's will.

• PROSTATE Starts ageing at 50

The prostate often becomes enlarged with age, leading to problems such as increased need to urinate, says Professor Roger Kirby, director of the Prostate Centre in London. This is known as benign prostatic hyperplasia and affects half of men over 50, but rarely those under 40.

It occurs when the prostate absorbs large amounts of the male sex hormone testosterone, which increases the growth of cells in the prostate.

A normal prostate is the size of a walnut, but the condition can increase this to the size of a tangerine.

• BONES Start ageing at 35

'Throughout our life, old bone is broken down by cells called osteoclasts and replaced by bone-building cells called osteoblasts - a process called bone turnover,' explains Robert Moots, professor of rheumatology at Aintree University Hospital in Liverpool.

Children's bone growth is rapid - the skeleton takes just two years to renew itself completely. In adults, this can take ten years.

Until our mid-20s, bone density is still increasing. But at 35 bone loss begins as part of the natural ageing process.

This becomes more rapid in post-menopausal women and can cause the bone-thinning condition osteoporosis.

The shrinking in size and density of bones can lead to loss of height. Bones in the back shrivel up or crumble between the vertebrae. We lose two inches in height by the time we're 80.

• TEETH Start ageing at 40

As we age, we produce less saliva, which washes away bacteria, so teeth and gums are more vulnerable to decay.

Receding gums - when tissue is lost from gums around the teeth - is common in adults over 40.

• MUSCLES Start ageing at 30

Muscle is constantly being built up and broken down, a process which is well balanced in young adults.

However, by the time we're 30, breakdown is greater than buildup, explains Professor Robert Moots.

Once adults reach 40, they start to lose between 0.5 and 2 per cent of their muscle each year. Regular exercise can help prevent this.

• HEARING Starts ageing mid-50s

More than half of people over 60 lose hearing because of their age, according to the Royal National Institute for the Deaf.

The condition, known as presbycusis, happens due to a loss of 'hair cells' - tiny sensory cells in the inner ear which pick up sound vibrations and send them to the brain.

• SKIN Starts ageing mid-20s

The skin starts to age naturally in your mid-20s.

According to Dr Andrew Wright, a consultant dermatologist with Bradford NHS Trust, as we get older production of collagen - the protein which acts as scaffolding to the skin - slows, and elastin, the substance that enables skin to snap back into place, has less spring and can even break.

Dead skin cells don't shed as quickly and turnover of new skin cells may decrease slightly. This causes fine wrinkles and thin, transparent skin - even if the first signs may not appear until our mid-30s (unless accelerated by smoking or sun damage).

• TASTE AND SMELL Start ageing at 60

We start out in life with about 10,000 taste buds scattered on the tongue. This number can halve later in life.

After we turn 60, taste and smell gradually decline, partly as a result of the normal ageing process.

This can be accelerated by problems such as polyps in the nasal or sinus cavities. It can also be the cumulative effect of years of smoking.

• FERTILITY starts ageing at 35

Female fertility begins to decline after 35, as the number and quality of eggs in the ovaries start to fall.

The lining of the womb may become thinner, making it less likely for a fertilised egg to take, and also creating an environment hostile to sperm.

Male fertility also starts to drop around this age. Men who wait until their 40s before starting a family have a greater chance of their partner having a miscarriage, because of the poorer quality of their sperm.

• HAIR Starts ageing at 30

Male hair loss usually begins in the 30s. Hair is made in tiny pouches just under the skin's surface, known as follices.

A hair normally grows from each follicle for about three years, is then shed, and a new hair grows.

However, with male-pattern baldness, changes in levels of testosterone from their early-30s affect this cycle, causing the hair follicles to shrink.

Each new hair is thinner than the previous one. Eventually, all that remains is a much smaller hair follicle and a thin stump of hair that does not grow out to the skin surface.

Most people will have some grey hair by the age of 35. When we are young, our hair is coloured by the pigments produced by cells in the hair follicle known as melanocytes.

As we grow older, melanocytes become less active, so less pigment is produced, the colour fades, and grey hairs grow instead.

Source : Forward email

Koleksi Pantun

MENGHADAPI DUGAAN (Pantun inflasi)

Kain disimpan dimakan gegat
Ditampal dengan perca sutera
Ekonomi bergolak kehidupan tergugat
Hanya yang tenang kekal sejahtera

UBATNYA PANTUN

Penyepit patah diganti sudu
Makan sate minum serbat
Hati resah, sepi dan rindu
Dalam berpantun ketemu ubat

SINDIR MENYINDIR

Segar harum kembang melati
Bunga tersusun bagai diukir
Kita berpantun menghibur hati
Sambil mengusik sindir menyindir

BOSAN DAN JEMU (Pantun Hari Guru)

Rembang petang makan laksa
Dihidang untuk menyambut tamu
Cikgu mengajar terbuang masa
Kalau murid bosan dan jemu

ALANG KEPALANG (Pantun Hari Guru)

Kupu-kupu mengejar belalang
Sejak kuntum mekar berbunga
Kalau belajar alang kepalang
Bak beras segenggam air sebelanga


HARI GURU

Waktu malam melihat bulan
Mendengar pungguk berlagu merdu
Selamat hari guru kita ucapkan
Kerana jasa menaburkan ilmu

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Mesyuarat Ko-Kurikulum - 20 April 2009